黑龙江省乌拉嘎金矿废弃地植被恢复情况研究

在结合黑龙江省实际情况,通过文献资料检索,对黑龙江省的矿区废弃地实地调查监测,对黑龙江乌拉嘎金矿矿区废弃地展开生态恢复现状的调查研究。利用先进的检测手段,采用科学的评价方法,系统分析和研究黑龙江省森工总局所管理的矿区废弃地对环境的影响,全面评估矿区废弃地复垦的成效,着眼于目前黑龙江省的矿区废弃地的生态恢复情况,研究矿区土地复垦技术并结合我省生态环境的应用,提炼总结黑龙江省的矿区废弃地复垦的经验和模式,为黑龙江省的矿区废弃地生态恢复提供基础资料与技术支持。     

煤矸石山植被生态恢复机械化施工技术的探索——以山西中部某自燃矸石山植被生态恢复工程为例

根据现有的矸石山自燃发生理论和防治技术原理以及困难立地条件下植被生态恢复理论,结合十一五国家科技支撑计划项目专题陡坡绿化喷播技术研究与开发的研究内容,在矸石山植被生态恢复工程实践中探索出一套技术装备、两类泥浆配方、多种喷射施工工艺的机械化综合治理技术方案,将矸石山自燃防范措施与高陡边坡植被重建技术有机地结合起来,创造出一种符合循环经济要求、成本低廉、可机械化高效率施工的方法。     

露天矿区生态环境质量与资源利用评价——以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例

以山西省平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例,针对露天矿生态环境的影响因素及其资源利用情况,提出了能够体现露天矿区生态环境质量与资源利用主要特征的定性、定量评价指标体系,利用层次分析和模糊数学等方法,对露天矿生态环境质量与资源利用进行综合评价。研究结果表明:矿区生态环境与资源利用水平由1995年前的5级变为2000年的4级,又转为2005年的2级,未来的理想状况会向1级水平发展。说明矿区生态环境质量与资源利用正在向好的方向发展。     

磷酸铁盐涂层: 控制黄铁矿氧化的新手段

A novel coating technique was develped for controlling pyrite oxidation .The technique involved leaching pyrite particles with a solution containing low concentrations of phosphate and hydrogen peroxide.During the leaching rpocess,the iron released from pyrite by hydrogen proxide was precipitated by phosphate as a ferric phosphate coating .This coating was shown to be able to effectively prevent pyirte from oxidation and it could be established at the expense of only surface portions of pyrite.The emergence of this technique could provide a unique potential route for abating acid mine draingage and reclaiming sulfide-containing degraded mining land.     

生物炭和PAM混施影响煤矸石基质水分的入渗和蒸发

探究生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)混施对煤矸石基质水分入渗和蒸发的影响,可为矿区矸石山土壤水分的调节提供依据。采用模拟土柱方法,研究不同矸土比(1∶2,1∶1和2∶1)的煤矸石基质,在混施生物炭(1%,2%和4%)和PAM(0.5‰和1‰)条件下,基质水分的吸持性能、入渗及蒸发特征。结果表明:(1)对煤矸石基质入渗性能的影响程度为生物炭PAM矸土比;随生物炭施用量的增加,基质的饱和含水量以及入渗速率均呈增加趋势,而PAM施用量的增加则减弱了煤矸石基质的饱和含水量和入渗速率。(2)添加1‰PAM处理的基质累积蒸发量均低于添加0.5‰PAM的处理;矸土比对煤矸石基质水分蒸发影响程度较生物炭和PAM大。(3)聚类分析表明,4%生物炭和0.5‰PAM混施时煤矸石基质的水分吸持性能及入渗速率较高;而矸土比为2∶1时,2%的生物炭和1‰的PAM混施可减弱基质水分的蒸发。总之,增加生物炭施用量有利于基质水分入渗,而PAM用量的增加,可抑制煤矸石基质水分的蒸发。     

Mechanism analysis of permeability based on promoting coal matrix shrinkage by water jet

High pressure pulsed water jet (HPWJ) is a new technology of effectively improving coal seam permeability. However, the mechanism of increased permeability is not yet clear, which restricts the application of HPWJ in different coal seams. From the perspective of improving permeability by coal matrix shrinkage, the impelled dynamic equations is established based on analysis of coal dynamic effects by water jet. According to theoretical analysis of the stress state of coal matrix, it is concluded that HPWJ can promote coal matrix shrinkage, and the relationship equation between jet impact-coal matrix is derived. Besides, the gas seepage function in the coal slotted by the HPWJ is gained by using PM model, which provides theoretical support for generalizing the technology in the coal mine.     

The application of rough sets-neural network theory to mine ventilation system evaluation

To solve the instability problem of established sample in the neural network evaluation method for mine ventilation system, a comprehensive evaluation of the ventilation system is carried out based on rough sets and BP neural networks. Taking the ventilation system of a mine as an example, the classification quality of raw data samples are tested by using rough set data analysis system. Then, based on artificial neural network theory, a rough sets-neural network evaluation model of a mine ventilation system is established and a new rough sets-neural network evaluation method of mine ventilation system is formed. The results show that, after the model validation of data and application, its theoretical evaluation results are in line with the actual situation, and the network total error is less than 0.004. It shows that the comprehensive evaluation method based on rough sets-neural networks has a good effect in evaluating mine ventilation system in practical application.     

徐州矿区采煤塌陷地综合利用途径分析

采煤塌陷对徐州的地质地貌、生态环境产生了影响和破坏。根据徐州矿区采煤塌陷地的类型特点,分析了采煤塌陷地的综合利用途径,提出了采煤塌陷地农业综合开发的建议。     

赤泥对煤矿酸性废水中污染物的去除效率研究

采用单因子试验,初步探讨了赤泥改性温度、煤矿废水pH值、固液比、振荡频率、MnO2投加量等5个因素对赤泥去除煤矿废水中Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cd等污染物效果的影响.结果表明:赤泥对煤矿废水中污染物均有较高去除效率;当固液比为50 g/L,MnO2投加量为3 g/L,振荡频率为185 r/min,振荡时间为1 h,煤矿废水pH为4.0,赤泥改性温度为700℃时,废水中Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cd的去除效率分别为99.86%,99.09%,93.62%,94.04%和93.05%.